Bilberries

Bilberries are small, dark blue berries native to Northern Europe. They are closely related to blueberries and are often referred to as European blueberries. Bilberries are typically harvested wild and can be eaten fresh, dried, or used in jams, pies, and wines.

Manufacturers use bilberries primarily for their flavor and color. Their tart, intense flavor makes them a popular addition to desserts like ice cream, yogurt, and baked goods. They can also be used to create jams, jellies, and sauces.

Bilberries are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used as a food ingredient. They are a source of antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which contribute to their deep color. While research suggests potential health benefits associated with bilberry consumption, such as improved vision, these effects are typically studied with concentrated extracts rather than typical dietary intake. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated various berry extracts, but specific evaluations for bilberries as a whole food ingredient may vary.