High Fructose Corn Syrup: Distilled Vinegar

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a liquid sweetener made from corn starch. The starch is broken down into glucose, and then some of the glucose is converted into fructose through an enzymatic process. It is commonly used as a sweetener in processed foods and beverages.

HFCS is added to foods and beverages primarily as a sweetener. Its liquid form and sweetness profile make it a cost-effective alternative to sucrose (table sugar) in products like soft drinks, baked goods, cereals, and condiments. It also helps with texture and shelf life in some applications.

The 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend no amount of added sugars, and at most 10 grams of added sugars per meal. Excessive intake of added sugars is associated with health concerns like weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease. The FDA considers HFCS to be GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). JECFA and EFSA have evaluated HFCS and other sugars, but do not set specific ADIs for them. Evidence on whether HFCS is uniquely harmful compared to other caloric sweeteners is mixed.