Artificial Food Colors

Artificial food colors are synthetic substances created in laboratories, often derived from petroleum. They are used to add or enhance color in various food products.

Manufacturers add artificial food colors to make foods more visually appealing, to restore color lost during processing, or to provide a consistent appearance. They are commonly found in candies, baked goods, beverages, snack foods, and desserts.

In the US, artificial food colors are approved by the FDA as color additives. In January 2025, the FDA revoked the use of Red 3 for food, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Citrus Red 2, and Orange B. Some studies have suggested a link between artificial food colors and hyperactivity in some children, while other studies have not found a consistent link, indicating mixed evidence. Both JECFA and EFSA have evaluated many individual artificial food colors and set acceptable daily intakes for them.