B-carotene

Beta-carotene is a pigment found naturally in many fruits and vegetables, giving them their orange or yellow color. It is also produced commercially for use as a food additive. The body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A, which is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.

Manufacturers use beta-carotene as a food colorant to impart yellow to orange hues in products like margarine, shortenings, and dairy products. It is also used to fortify foods with vitamin A, particularly in beverages and cereals.

Beta-carotene is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use as a food additive. The National Academies have established an upper intake level for vitamin A, including that obtained from beta-carotene. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated beta-carotene and established acceptable daily intakes. At typical dietary levels, it is safe and beneficial as a source of vitamin A. High supplemental doses, not typically achieved through food, have been studied for potential risks in certain populations.