Chocolate Core: High Fructose Corn Syrup

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a liquid sweetener made from corn starch. The starch is broken down into glucose, and then some of the glucose is converted into fructose through an enzymatic process. This gives it a sweetness similar to table sugar.

Manufacturers use HFCS as a sweetener in a wide variety of processed foods and beverages, including baked goods, cereals, and condiments. It is cost-effective and helps extend shelf life. It is commonly found in ice cream, frozen yogurt, and other frozen desserts.

HFCS is approved for use in food by the FDA. Like other added sugars, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intake. Excessive consumption of added sugars, including HFCS, is linked to health concerns such as weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated HFCS and other sugars. Evidence on whether HFCS has unique health effects compared to other caloric sweeteners is mixed.