FD&C Red #3 And FD&C Red #40

FD&C Red #3 (Erythrosine) and FD&C Red #40 (Allura Red AC) are synthetic color additives used to impart a red hue to foods. These dyes are manufactured through chemical synthesis, typically derived from petroleum.

These dyes are added to a wide range of processed foods to enhance their visual appeal, making them look more vibrant or consistent in color. They are commonly found in items such as candies, beverages, baked goods, dairy products, and savory snacks.

FD&C Red #3 was revoked by the FDA for use in food in January 2025, with a compliance deadline for manufacturers of January 2027. This action was taken under the Delaney Clause due to findings of cancer in male rats, though the FDA stated this is not relevant to human risk. California's Food Safety Act (AB 418) also bans Red #3 in food from 2027. FD&C Red #40 is part of the FDA's announced plan from April 2025 to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes. Both dyes have been evaluated by international bodies like JECFA and EFSA, which have set acceptable daily intakes. Some research has explored potential links between synthetic food colors and hyperactivity in some children, but the evidence is mixed and not conclusive.