FD&C Red 40 And Sodium Benzoate

FD&C Red 40 is a synthetic red dye made from petroleum. Sodium benzoate is a salt of benzoic acid, a compound found naturally in some fruits and spices, but it is typically manufactured chemically for use as a food additive.

FD&C Red 40 is added to foods to give them a red color. Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, especially in acidic foods and beverages.

Both FD&C Red 40 and sodium benzoate are approved by the FDA as food additives. JECFA has evaluated both ingredients and set acceptable daily intakes. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, which includes Red 40. Some studies have explored a possible link between synthetic food dyes like Red 40 and hyperactivity in some children, but the evidence is mixed, and the FDA states that a causal link for the general population has not been established. Sodium benzoate can form benzene, a carcinogen, when combined with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in acidic beverages; regulatory bodies monitor this, and manufacturers are encouraged to minimize its formation.