Titianium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide is a white, powdery mineral that occurs naturally. It is manufactured for use in food by processing the mineral into a fine powder. It is often used to make foods appear whiter and brighter.

Manufacturers add titanium dioxide to foods primarily as a whitening agent to enhance their appearance. It is commonly found in baked goods like croissants and muffins, as well as in candies and frostings where a bright white color is desired.

Titanium dioxide is permitted as a food additive by the FDA. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded in 2021 that it could no longer be considered safe as a food additive, leading to its ban in the EU in 2022. The US National Academies have not established an upper intake level for titanium dioxide. Research into potential health effects is ongoing, and some studies have raised questions, but the FDA maintains its current regulatory status.