Yellow Lake No. 5

Yellow Lake No. 5 is a color additive derived from the synthetic dye Tartrazine, also known as Yellow No. 5. It is manufactured by reacting the water-soluble dye with an insoluble metallic salt, typically aluminum hydroxide, to create a pigment that is insoluble in water.

Manufacturers add Yellow Lake No. 5 to foods to provide a stable yellow color. Its insolubility helps prevent color migration, making it suitable for coloring candies, baked goods, snack foods, and coatings.

Yellow Lake No. 5 is an FDA-approved color additive, meaning it has undergone a rigorous review process before being permitted for use in food. The FDA requires food labels to declare "Yellow 5 Lake" by name because the parent dye, Yellow No. 5, can cause allergic-type reactions, such as hives or asthma, in a small number of sensitive individuals, particularly those also sensitive to aspirin. JECFA and EFSA have both evaluated Tartrazine (Yellow No. 5) and set an acceptable daily intake. Some studies have suggested a link between synthetic food colors, including Yellow No. 5, and hyperactivity in some children, though evidence is mixed and not conclusive. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Yellow 5 Lake.