An Artificial Coloring

Artificial colorings are synthetic substances used to add or restore color to foods. Unlike natural colors derived from plants, animals, or minerals, these are typically manufactured from petroleum-based chemicals. They are produced through chemical synthesis in laboratories.

Manufacturers add artificial colorings to make foods more visually appealing, enhance natural colors, or provide color to otherwise colorless products. They are commonly found in candies, beverages, baked goods, snacks, and processed foods.

Artificial colorings are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as food additives. There have been ongoing discussions and some scientific studies regarding a potential link between certain artificial colors and hyperactivity in some children; however, the evidence on this topic is mixed, and the FDA continues to review the science. In January 2025, the FDA revoked the approval for Red No. 3 for use in food, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out other petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Citrus Red 2, and Orange B. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated many individual artificial colors and set acceptable daily intakes for most.