Artificial Flavors And Coloring

Artificial flavors are man-made chemical mixtures designed to taste like natural flavors, such as fruit, vanilla, or meat. Artificial colors are synthetic dyes created to add or restore color to foods. Both are produced in laboratories.

Manufacturers add artificial flavors to enhance or create specific tastes in foods, and artificial colors to make products visually appealing or to maintain a consistent appearance. They are commonly found in processed snacks, candies, beverages, and desserts.

In the US, artificial flavors and colors are approved by the FDA as food additives and color additives, respectively, for use in specific amounts. The FDA has announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes (including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Citrus Red 2, Orange B) starting in April 2025. The FDA revoked Red 3 for food use in January 2025, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply; this revocation was due to findings in male rats, which the FDA stated is not relevant to human risk. Some studies have explored a potential link between certain artificial colors and hyperactivity in some children, but the evidence is mixed. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated many individual artificial flavors and colors.