Oxide
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What it is
Titanium dioxide is a white, inorganic compound that occurs naturally as a mineral. For use in food, it is typically produced synthetically as a fine white powder.
Why it's used
Manufacturers add titanium dioxide to foods primarily as a white color additive to brighten or whiten them. It can be found in a wide range of products, including candies, chewing gum, pastries, and some dairy products, as well as cereals, sweet spreads, and cookies.
Health notes
Titanium dioxide is approved by the FDA as a color additive for food. JECFA has evaluated titanium dioxide and established an acceptable daily intake. In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that titanium dioxide could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to concerns about potential genotoxicity, leading to its ban as a food additive in the European Union in 2022. However, it remains permitted by the FDA in the US and is not part of the FDA's announced plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes.
Allergen info
Not a major allergen.