Red #3 And Blue #2
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What it is
Red #3 (Erythrosine) and Blue #2 (Indigotine or Indigo Carmine) are synthetic color additives. They are manufactured from petroleum-based raw materials through chemical synthesis to provide vibrant colors to food products.
Why it's used
These dyes are added to foods to impart red and blue colors, respectively, or to create other shades when mixed. They are commonly found in candies, baked goods, dessert toppings, and gelatin desserts.
Health notes
The FDA revoked the approval of Red #3 for use in food in January 2025, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to remove it from products; this was due to it causing cancer in male rats, triggering the Delaney Clause, though the FDA stated this is not relevant to human risk. Both Red #3 and Blue #2 are included in the FDA's April 2025 announced plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes. Blue #2 is currently an FDA-approved color additive, while California's Food Safety Act (AB 418) bans Red #3 from 2027. International bodies like JECFA and EFSA have evaluated both dyes and set acceptable daily intakes. Concerns about synthetic food dyes, including Blue #2, often involve potential links to hyperactivity in some children, though evidence is mixed and not conclusive.
Allergen info
Not a major allergen.