Serranos

Serrano peppers are a type of chili pepper that originated in Mexico. They are a cultivar of the species *Capsicum annuum*, similar to jalapeños but typically smaller and hotter. Serranos are usually picked when green but can ripen to red, yellow, or orange.

Serranos are primarily used to add heat and flavor to dishes. Their spicy kick makes them a popular ingredient in salsas, hot sauces, marinades, and various Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine. They can be used fresh, pickled, or dried.

Serranos are a food ingredient and not an additive evaluated by the FDA. Like other chili peppers, they contain capsaicin, the compound responsible for their heat. Some research suggests capsaicin may have anti-inflammatory properties, though more studies are needed. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated capsaicinoids, including those found in peppers, and have established acceptable daily intakes. Evidence on the health effects of capsaicin at typical dietary intake levels is mixed and requires further investigation.