Artificial Colors Including: Red 3

Artificial colors are synthetic substances created in laboratories to add color to foods. They are not found naturally in plants, animals, or minerals. Red 3 is one specific type of these synthetic color additives, also known as FD&C Red No. 3.

Manufacturers add artificial colors to make foods more visually appealing and to give them a consistent appearance. They are commonly used in candies, baked goods, beverages, and snack foods like popcorn and pretzels.

In the US, artificial colors, including Red 3, are approved by the FDA as color additives. However, the FDA revoked Red 3 for use in food in January 2025, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply. This revocation was due to studies showing it caused cancer in male rats, though the FDA stated this finding is not relevant to human risk. California's Food Safety Act (AB 418) also bans Red 3 in food from 2027. For artificial colors generally, the FDA announced a plan in April 2025 to phase out several petroleum-based synthetic dyes. JECFA has evaluated many color additives and set acceptable daily intakes for them. Some studies have suggested a link between certain artificial colors and hyperactivity in some children, but evidence is mixed and more research is ongoing.