Artificial Colors

Artificial colors are substances added to foods to change or enhance their appearance. They are typically synthetic, meaning they are made in a laboratory, often derived from petroleum.

Manufacturers add artificial colors to make foods more visually appealing or to restore color lost during processing. They are commonly found in candies, beverages, baked goods, snacks, and dairy products.

In the United States, artificial colors are approved by the FDA as color additives for use in food. In January 2025, the FDA revoked the use of Red 3 for food, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Citrus Red 2, and Orange B. Some studies suggest a link between artificial food colors and hyperactivity in some children, particularly those with ADHD; however, evidence is mixed, and regulatory bodies like the FDA continue to review the scientific literature. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated many individual artificial colors and set acceptable daily intakes for some.