FD&C Blue 1 And 2
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What it is
FD&C Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF) and FD&C Blue 2 (Indigotine or Indigo Carmine) are synthetic color additives. They are manufactured from petroleum-based raw materials through chemical synthesis.
Why it's used
These dyes are added to foods to impart a blue color. They are commonly found in processed foods such as candies, beverages, baked goods, and dairy products, including cakes, cupcakes, snack cakes, and chocolate.
Health notes
FD&C Blue 1 and Blue 2 are approved color additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Blue 1 and Blue 2, due to potential health concerns. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated both FD&C Blue 1 and Blue 2 and set acceptable daily intakes. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has also evaluated these dyes. Some studies have suggested a link between synthetic food dyes and hyperactivity in children, but the evidence remains mixed and further research is ongoing.
Allergen info
Not a major allergen.