FD&C Blue 1 Lake

FD&C Blue 1 Lake is a synthetic color additive derived from petroleum. It is made by adsorbing the water-soluble dye, FD&C Blue 1 (also known as Brilliant Blue FCF), onto an insoluble base, typically aluminum hydroxide. This process creates a pigment that is insoluble in water, making it suitable for coloring fat-based products or coatings.

Manufacturers add FD&C Blue 1 Lake to provide a blue color to foods. Its insoluble nature helps prevent color bleeding in products with low moisture or high fat content. It is commonly found in baked goods like cookies, cakes, and dessert toppings, as well as confectionery and frostings.

FD&C Blue 1 Lake is an FDA-approved color additive for use in food. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, which includes FD&C Blue 1. JECFA has evaluated FD&C Blue 1 and set an acceptable daily intake. EFSA has also evaluated it. Some studies have suggested a possible link between synthetic food colors, including Blue 1, and hyperactivity in some children, but the evidence is mixed and not conclusive.