FD&C Red 40 & 3

FD&C Red 40 (Allura Red AC) and FD&C Red 3 (Erythrosine) are synthetic color additives. They are produced through chemical synthesis, primarily derived from petroleum.

These colors are added to foods to give them a red hue or to enhance existing colors. They are commonly found in candies, baked goods, beverages, dairy products, and processed snacks.

FD&C Red 3 was an FDA-approved food additive until January 2025, when FDA revoked its use in food; manufacturers have until January 2027 to comply. FD&C Red 40 is an FDA-approved food additive. In April 2025, FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, which includes FD&C Red 40. JECFA has evaluated both FD&C Red 40 and FD&C Red 3 and set an acceptable daily intake for each. Some studies have suggested a link between synthetic food dyes, including Red 40, and hyperactivity in some children, though evidence is mixed, and regulatory bodies like FDA and EFSA conclude there is no proven link for most children. Concerns about thyroid effects in animals at high doses contributed to the FDA's decision to revoke Red 3 for food use.