Red 40 And Sodium Benzoate

Red 40 is a synthetic red food dye made from petroleum. Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative, often synthesized from chemical reactions, though it occurs naturally in some fruits.

Red 40 is used to give a red color to various foods and beverages, including candies, soft drinks, and desserts. Sodium benzoate is added to acidic foods like fruit juices, carbonated drinks, and pickles to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

Red 40 is approved by the FDA as a color additive. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40. Some studies suggest a link between Red 40 and hyperactivity in sensitive children, but the FDA states that for the general population, the evidence does not show a causal link. JECFA and EFSA have both evaluated Red 40 and set acceptable daily intakes. Sodium benzoate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. When combined with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in acidic conditions, it can form small amounts of benzene, a known carcinogen, which the FDA monitors in beverages. Like Red 40, some studies have linked sodium benzoate to hyperactivity in sensitive children, but evidence is mixed. JECFA and EFSA have both evaluated sodium benzoate and set acceptable daily intakes.