Sodium Benzoate & Citric Acid

Sodium benzoate is a salt of benzoic acid, a widely used preservative. It occurs naturally in small amounts in fruits like cranberries and plums, but is typically produced industrially by reacting toluene with chlorine and then neutralizing the resulting benzoyl chloride with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Citric acid is a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits, commonly produced commercially through the fermentation of sugar by specific molds.

Sodium benzoate and citric acid are often used together as a preservative system. Sodium benzoate inhibits the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria, while citric acid enhances its effectiveness and also acts as an acidulant and flavor enhancer. They are commonly found in acidic foods and beverages like soft drinks, fruit juices, jams, and pickles.

Sodium benzoate is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used according to good manufacturing practices. Citric acid is also GRAS. When combined, they can form small amounts of benzene, a potential carcinogen, especially in beverages containing ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and when exposed to heat or light. However, levels are typically very low and considered safe by regulatory bodies. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated both substances and established acceptable daily intakes. Some studies suggest potential links between sodium benzoate and hyperactivity in children, but evidence is mixed.