Sodium Benzoate

Sodium benzoate is a chemical compound that is the salt of benzoic acid. It is found naturally in some fruits like cranberries, prunes, and apples, and in spices such as cinnamon and cloves. For use in food, it is typically made in a lab by combining benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.

Manufacturers add sodium benzoate to food primarily as a preservative. It works by stopping the growth of harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds, which helps keep food fresh longer. It is commonly found in acidic foods and drinks like sodas, fruit juices, pickles, salad dressings, and condiments.

In the United States, sodium benzoate is an FDA-approved food additive and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used at certain levels. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated sodium benzoate and set an acceptable daily intake. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has also evaluated it. There has been discussion about sodium benzoate reacting with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in some drinks to form small amounts of benzene, a substance that can cause cancer. However, levels found in food are generally low and regulated. Some studies have also explored a possible link between sodium benzoate, especially when combined with artificial colors, and hyperactivity in children, but the evidence from scientific reviews is mixed.