Wax

Waxes are a diverse group of substances that are solid at room temperature but melt easily. They can be derived from natural sources like plants (e.g., carnauba wax from palm leaves) or animals (e.g., beeswax from bees), or they can be synthetically produced, often from petroleum. Natural waxes are typically purified before use in food.

Waxes are used in food to provide a protective coating, which helps to retain moisture, prevent spoilage, and give products a glossy appearance. They can also be used to prevent sticking and to add texture. Common foods include fruits, vegetables, candies, baked goods, and snack items like popcorn and nuts.

Many food-grade waxes are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA. Regulatory bodies like the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated various food waxes. At typical consumption levels, they are not associated with adverse health effects. Some plant-derived waxes contain fatty acids and esters, which are metabolized by the body.