And Artificial Colors

Artificial colors are synthetic substances created in laboratories, rather than being derived from natural sources. They are used to add or restore color to foods and beverages. These colors are typically petroleum-based and are highly stable, providing consistent and vibrant hues.

Manufacturers add artificial colors primarily to enhance the visual appeal of food, making it look more attractive or to identify flavors. They are commonly found in candies, baked goods, soft drinks, breakfast cereals, and processed snacks.

In the United States, the FDA approves color additives for specific uses in food. Some artificial colors have undergone regulatory changes; for example, FDA revoked the approval for Red 3 in food, effective January 2025. In April 2025, FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Citrus Red 2, and Orange B. Individual artificial colors have been evaluated by international bodies like JECFA and EFSA; for instance, EFSA concluded in 2021 that titanium dioxide could no longer be considered safe as a food additive, leading to its ban in the EU, though it remains permitted by FDA and is not part of the petroleum-based dye phase-out. Concerns have been raised about a possible link between some artificial colors and hyperactivity in children, though scientific evidence on this topic is mixed.