E440

Pectin (E440) is a natural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fruits and vegetables, especially apples and citrus peels. It is typically extracted from these sources using hot water and acid or alkali. Pectin is a complex polysaccharide that acts as a gelling agent.

Manufacturers use pectin primarily as a thickener and gelling agent in jams, jellies, and fruit spreads to achieve the desired texture. It is also used in yogurt, fruit juices, and confectionery products to improve consistency and mouthfeel.

Pectin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food. It is a type of soluble dietary fiber, which may contribute to digestive health. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated pectin and established acceptable daily intakes. Studies suggest pectin can help lower cholesterol levels, but more research is needed to fully understand its long-term health effects.