FD&C Artificial Colors

FD&C Artificial Colors are synthetic substances made from petroleum that are used to add color to foods. They are chemically manufactured rather than derived from natural sources.

Manufacturers add these colors to make foods more visually appealing or to restore color lost during processing. They are commonly found in candies, baked goods, beverages, and snacks.

In the US, artificial colors are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as food additives. The FDA revoked the approval for Red 3 for use in food in January 2025, with manufacturers having until January 2027 to comply. In April 2025, the FDA also announced a plan to phase out other petroleum-based synthetic dyes, including Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, and Green 3. Concerns have been raised about a possible link between artificial food colors and hyperactivity in some children. While some studies suggest a connection, the evidence is mixed, and regulatory bodies have different conclusions. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) and EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) have evaluated many individual artificial colors and their safety.