Copper

Copper is an essential mineral that occurs naturally in many foods, soil, and water. It is a vital nutrient for human health, playing a role in energy production, iron metabolism, and the formation of connective tissues. In food processing, copper can be added in purified forms, often as copper sulfate or copper gluconate.

Copper is primarily added to foods as a nutrient to fortify products and help consumers meet their dietary needs. It is commonly found in dietary supplements, fortified beverages like energy drinks and meal replacements, and some processed foods. Its presence ensures that these products contribute to the intake of essential minerals.

Copper is recognized as an essential nutrient by the FDA. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have established a tolerable upper intake level (UL) for copper. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have also evaluated copper. While crucial in small amounts, excessive copper intake can lead to adverse health effects, including gastrointestinal distress. However, the levels typically found in fortified foods are generally considered safe and beneficial.