Niacin

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism and cell function. It can be found naturally in many foods, including meat, fish, nuts, and grains, and is also produced synthetically for use in food fortification and supplements.

Manufacturers add niacin to foods primarily as a nutrient to enrich or fortify products. It is commonly used in enriched grain products like cereals, bread, and pasta, as well as in some snack foods, to help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

In the United States, niacin is recognized by the FDA as an essential nutrient and is permitted for use in food fortification. At typical intake levels from fortified foods, niacin is safe and helps prevent pellagra, a deficiency disease. However, very high doses, often from supplements, can cause temporary skin flushing. JECFA has evaluated niacin and established an acceptable daily intake. EFSA has also evaluated niacin and its safety.