Enriched Bromated Flour Bleached

Enriched bromated bleached flour is wheat flour that has undergone several processing steps. 'Enriched' means certain B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid) and iron have been added back after milling. 'Bromated' means it has been treated with potassium bromate, an oxidizing agent, and 'bleached' means it has been chemically treated to whiten its appearance.

Manufacturers use bromated flour to improve dough strength and elasticity, leading to better volume and texture in baked goods. Bleaching agents whiten the flour and can also help with dough conditioning. This type of flour is commonly found in commercial breads, rolls, pastries, and tortillas.

Potassium bromate is permitted by the FDA as an additive in flour, with specific limits. However, California will ban potassium bromate in food products starting in 2027. JECFA concluded that potassium bromate is not appropriate as a flour treatment agent due to potential safety concerns. Studies in animals at high doses have shown it can be carcinogenic, though the FDA maintains that residual levels in finished baked products are negligible when used properly. The enrichment of flour with vitamins and iron is a public health initiative to prevent nutrient deficiencies and is generally considered safe and beneficial. Bleaching agents used in flour are generally considered safe by the FDA.