Fumaric Acid With Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil

Fumaric acid is a white, crystalline powder found naturally in some plants and also produced industrially. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil is a semi-solid fat made from soybean oil through a process called partial hydrogenation. This ingredient combines both substances, likely to provide both tartness and textural properties.

Fumaric acid is used as an acidity regulator to provide tartness, enhance flavors, and can also act as a leavening agent or antimicrobial. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil was historically used to improve the texture, stability, and shelf life of processed foods. Together, they might be used in products like baked goods, beverages, or snacks.

Fumaric acid is an FDA-approved food additive and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). JECFA and EFSA have evaluated fumaric acid and found it safe for use, with JECFA setting an acceptable daily intake. Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), including partially hydrogenated soybean oil, are no longer generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA since 2018. This action effectively removed most artificial trans fat from the US food supply. The primary concern with PHOs is the formation of artificial trans fats, which are linked to an increased risk of heart disease.