Includes Black Pepper

Black pepper is a spice derived from the dried fruit (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant, native to South India. The peppercorns are typically harvested when green and then dried, causing them to wrinkle and turn black. It is ground into powder or used whole for flavoring.

Black pepper is primarily used as a spice and flavoring agent in a vast array of savory and sometimes sweet dishes. It adds a pungent, slightly spicy flavor and aroma. It is commonly found in processed foods like snacks, seasonings, sauces, and marinades.

Black pepper is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use as a flavoring. It contains piperine, which is being studied for its potential effects on nutrient absorption and antioxidant properties. International bodies like JECFA have evaluated black pepper, but no specific numeric limits have been set. Evidence regarding significant health impacts at typical dietary intake levels is limited.