Polysorbate

Polysorbates are a group of emulsifiers made from sorbitol (a sugar alcohol) and fatty acids, often derived from plant or animal sources. They are created through a chemical process called ethoxylation. These compounds help mix ingredients that don't normally combine, like oil and water.

Manufacturers use polysorbates to keep ingredients mixed evenly in foods such as baked goods, ice cream, and dressings. They act as emulsifiers, preventing separation and improving texture and consistency. They are also used in some beverages and supplements.

Polysorbates are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food. Regulatory bodies like the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated polysorbates. While generally considered safe at typical consumption levels, some studies have explored potential effects on gut health and inflammation, though evidence is mixed and often based on high doses not reflective of normal dietary intake.