Vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. It is naturally found in animal products like meat, fish, and dairy. Industrially, it is typically produced through bacterial fermentation processes.

Vitamin B-12 is added to foods as a nutrient supplement, particularly in fortified products like plant-based milk alternatives, cereals, and nutritional yeast. It helps ensure adequate intake for individuals who may not consume enough B-12 from animal sources. It is also used in some energy and snack bars.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes Vitamin B-12 as safe and allows its addition to foods. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have established upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals. JECFA and EFSA have evaluated Vitamin B-12. Adequate intake is essential for overall health, and deficiency can lead to neurological issues and anemia. However, excessive intake is generally not considered harmful as the body excretes what it doesn't need.