Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds that humans need in small amounts for normal growth and metabolism. They are found naturally in many foods like fruits, vegetables, and grains. In food production, vitamins can be added to fortify products, meaning they are added to increase the nutritional value.

Manufacturers add vitamins to foods to fortify them, helping consumers meet their daily nutrient requirements. They are commonly found in breakfast cereals, dairy products, and beverages, as well as in products like cookies, snack bars, and frozen breakfast items.

Vitamins are essential nutrients, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to be added to foods to prevent deficiencies. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have established Upper Intake Levels (ULs) for many vitamins, which are the maximum daily amounts unlikely to cause harmful effects. International bodies like the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have also evaluated vitamins. While generally beneficial, excessive intake of certain vitamins can lead to adverse health effects, underscoring the importance of adhering to recommended dietary guidelines.