B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for nerve function and the formation of red blood cells. It is naturally found in animal products like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. It can also be produced industrially through bacterial fermentation.

Vitamin B12 is added to foods as a nutrient, primarily in fortified cereals, plant-based milk alternatives, and nutritional yeast. It is also used in some dietary supplements. Manufacturers add it to help consumers meet their daily recommended intake, especially those following vegetarian or vegan diets.

Vitamin B12 is recognized as safe and effective by the FDA when used as intended in fortified foods and supplements. The FDA has established regulations for its use as a nutrient. JECFA has evaluated vitamin B12 and set an acceptable daily intake. While crucial for health, very high supplemental doses are generally well-tolerated, though rare allergic reactions can occur. Evidence does not suggest adverse effects from typical dietary intake.