Cochineal Color E-120

Cochineal color, also known as carmine or carminic acid, is a red pigment derived from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus). The insects are native to tropical and subtropical South America and Mexico. After harvesting, the insects are dried and then extracted to produce the colorant.

Manufacturers use cochineal color to provide a vibrant red to pink hue in a variety of food products. It is commonly found in processed meats, baked goods, beverages, dairy products like yogurt and ice cream, and confectionery.

In the United States, cochineal extract is approved by the FDA as a color additive. Some individuals have reported allergic reactions to carmine, including asthma, urticaria, and anaphylaxis, though these are considered rare. EFSA has evaluated cochineal and established an acceptable daily intake. JECFA has also evaluated it and set an acceptable daily intake.