Yellow 5 Lake
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What it is
Yellow 5 Lake is a synthetic color additive derived from petroleum. It is an insoluble pigment made by precipitating the water-soluble dye Yellow 5 (Tartrazine) onto an inert base, typically aluminum hydroxide. This process creates a stable color that does not dissolve in water or other solvents.
Why it's used
Manufacturers add Yellow 5 Lake to provide a yellow color to a wide range of food products. Because it is insoluble, it is often used when a stable color is needed that won't bleed, such as in coatings, dry mixes, or fat-based products. It is commonly found in baking decorations, dessert toppings, chewing gum, mints, cookies, and snack foods.
Health notes
Yellow 5 Lake is an FDA-approved color additive for use in food. The FDA considers it safe when used according to regulations. Some individuals may experience hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives or asthma, to Yellow 5 (Tartrazine). JECFA has evaluated Yellow 5 and set an acceptable daily intake. EFSA has also evaluated it. While some studies have suggested a link between synthetic food colors, including Yellow 5, and hyperactivity in some children, the FDA has concluded that for most children, there is no demonstrated link, but for a small subset of children with ADHD, synthetic food colors might exacerbate symptoms. In April 2025, the FDA announced a plan to phase out petroleum-based synthetic dyes, which includes Yellow 5 and its lake forms.
Allergen info
Not a major allergen.