A Preservative

Sodium benzoate is a chemical compound that acts as a preservative. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, which occurs naturally in some fruits like cranberries and plums, and in spices like cloves and cinnamon. Commercially, it is made by reacting benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.

Manufacturers add sodium benzoate to foods and drinks to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds, which helps keep products fresh for longer. It works best in acidic foods. You can find it in many products such as sodas, fruit juices, pickles, salad dressings, and some cheeses.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) generally recognizes sodium benzoate as safe (GRAS) for use in food. At typical intake levels, it is considered safe for most people. However, there has been concern about sodium benzoate reacting with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some beverages to form small amounts of benzene, a substance that can be harmful at high levels. Food manufacturers typically manage this by using low levels of both ingredients or adding other compounds to prevent the reaction. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated sodium benzoate and set an acceptable daily intake. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has also evaluated its safety.