Vitamins A

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for vision, immune function, and cell growth. It occurs naturally in foods as preformed vitamin A (retinol) and as provitamin A carotenoids, which the body converts to vitamin A. Many foods are fortified with vitamin A, often in the form of retinyl palmitate or acetate.

Vitamin A is added to foods as a nutrient supplement to help consumers meet their daily requirements. It is commonly found in fortified dairy products like milk and yogurt, cereals, and some beverages. It can also be added to infant formula and dietary supplements.

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient, and the US National Academies have established a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for it. The FDA considers vitamin A to be a necessary nutrient and allows its addition to foods. JECFA and EFSA have also evaluated vitamin A. Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A can be toxic, leading to health problems, while deficiency can cause vision impairment and other health issues. Dietary guidelines recommend obtaining vitamin A from a balanced diet.