Croissant: Enriched Flour
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What it is
Enriched flour is refined wheat flour that has had certain nutrients added back after processing. The refining process removes the bran and germ, which contain fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Enrichment typically adds back iron and B vitamins like thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid.
Why it's used
Manufacturers use enriched flour as a base ingredient in a wide variety of baked goods and other food products. It provides structure and texture to items like bread, pasta, cakes, cookies, and breakfast pastries. Its widespread use is due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and the added nutritional value from enrichment.
Health notes
Enriched flour is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food. The added nutrients can help prevent deficiencies in the population, particularly folic acid, which is important for preventing neural tube defects. Regulatory bodies like the WHO and EFSA have reviewed the safety of flour fortification. While enriched flour is a common staple, a diet high in refined grains may be associated with certain health outcomes, and whole grains are often recommended for their higher fiber and nutrient content.
Allergen info
Enriched flour is derived from wheat, which is one of the FDA's nine major allergens. It also contains gluten.